Money and Morality Essay Example for Free

Money and Morality Essay MONEY AND MORALITY: Gifts of eternal truth in moments of the mundane By Cheryl Leis, PhD, Management Consultant/Practical Philosopher As inhabitants of this 21st century Western world, we all have to deal with money. We participate in the world of commerce as a means to obtain those things considered necessities of life. Money plays the role of the most commonly accepted means in this giving and getting from others. And the more money one has, the greater one’s power to regulate the particulars of survival – one’s own and that of others. We use money to participate in the exchange of products or services, individually and corporately – whether employed by or leading an organization. In some cases these organizations are publicly funded non-profits, and in other cases they are private, for-profit ventures. Money and morality is a topic that has surfaced on many occasions in my line of work. One such instance was during a contract with CBC TV to work on the development of a six-part national series titled: â€Å"Beautiful, Filthy Money and the Search for Soul. † The title itself speaks to the ambivalent nature of our responses to money and its presence in our lives. As part of the contract, I appeared as a guest on the panel, where I was asked to complete the following sentence: â€Å"Money is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Yes, what is money? My response was: Money is a tool for finding out who we really are. What you do with money, and how you live with money’s presence in your life, tells a lot about your values. Or, as Ralph Waldo Emerson puts it: â€Å"A dollar is not value, but representative of value, and, at last, of moral values. † This is apparently pretty close to what Buddhists believe about money. There are times when many of us are faced with an imbalance between money and morality and find ourselves asking in some form or another: How we can put â€Å"Money† and â€Å"Morality† in the same sentence and not end up with an ethical contradiction? The incompatibility of these Mwords is an inherent, yet complex part of being human. And it is only when we face the truth of their incompatibility that we can come to understand the utter necessity of their coexistence. The challenge stems from the fact that there is both a spiritual side and a material side to our situation. When we don’t bring the spiritual side into dialogue with the material side, problems result. This is true for individuals as well as organizations. Think about Enron – what do you think their way of dealing with money says about the moral values that guided senior management there? Each of us could turn the question on our own lives. Money, in and of itself, is neutral. It has no intrinsic value, but is a mere yardstick of value, a means of measuring or comparing in the exchange of one thing for another. Money â€Å"belongs to the class of great mental inventions, known as 1 measures†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Measures of distance – the meter or mile – span the gulf between two things or places yet are not themselves things or places. Similarly, money brings things of different value together without becoming one or the other. † Because money is merely a way of measuring, it is in itself, therefore, not real. Thus, money is both neutral and unreal. Nevertheless, we often seem oblivious to this unreal nature of money and equate it with things that are very real, like our own values. But if, as Aristotle says, â€Å"[a]ll things that are exchanged 2 must be somehow comparable,† what are we saying about our perception of reality when we measure our sense of self-worth by our net-worth? While money is a measure of value, that value can change depending on what the market is willing to bear. It’s rather similar to the story of the emperor’s new clothes. As soon as we agree something no longer has value, our whole perception of it changes. This change in the perception of the value of something affects humans psychologically and emotionally. So when the value of stocks falls through the floor, people react in fear or paranoia. Conversely, when stocks rise like crazy, there is frenzy fuelled by hope and even greed. What then, motivates our relationship with money? With what intention do we strive to accumulate wealth? Do we recognize what our relationship with money says about our values? Money Obsessing For some the question of ethics and money leads down another path. In â€Å"Is Lucre Really 3 that Filthy? † Craig Cox, executive editor of Utne magazine, reflects on his own journey from disdain for the almighty dollar as a child of the 60s to becoming – of all things – â€Å"bourgeios,† earning money and learning to manage it. There was the example by a leading voice of the counter-culture of the day, Allen Ginsberg, who wrote in Howl! of burning all his money in a wastebasket. Times have changed – even for Ginsberg, 1. David Appelbaum, â€Å"Money and the City,† Parabola, Volume XVI, No. 1 (Spring 1991), 40. 2. Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics 1133a 18. 3. Craig Cox, â€Å"Is Lucre Really That Filthy,† Utne Reader (July-August, 2003), 63. who â€Å"†¦of course, sold his papers to Stanford University for 4 nearly a million bucks. † The irony, points out Cox, is that social justice activists who want to eschew wealth in order to bring about social justice and help the poor are in fact helping people to attain the very thing they, the activists, abhor: a comfortable life. He sets up an interesting dilemma when he insists that â€Å"If you insist on embracing poverty in your own life, how do you become a credible advocate for folks who would do almost anything to 5 escape it? † True enough, there are those who become enslaved to money in their attachment to mere accumulation of more and more capital. However, there are also those who are enslaved to money in their ascetic avoidance of it. Both are obsessive behaviours: obsessed with having money or obsessed with avoiding it – like the alcoholic’s family that is obsessed with avoiding alcohol. In neither case is money at the service of the individual as a means of providing for the necessities of life; rather, the individual is at the service of money. Our emotional responses to this neutral thing called money often lead to an automatic attachment of value-statements. We grab on to labels such as â€Å"evil,† â€Å"bewitching,† â€Å"aweinspiring,† or â€Å"filthy lucre. † Respect for money is replaced with either worship or condemnation of it. Emotional and value-laden responses are also evident when conversation turns towards money and self-righteous posturing rises very quickly to the surface with comments like: â€Å"Well, I don’t soil my hands with money. † Or: â€Å"I certainly don’t 4. Ibid 5. Ibid work for money. † A lot of judging of others happens: â€Å"He’s just in it for the money. † Or: â€Å"She’d do anything for money. † This judgmental posturing also leads to ideological positioning. Anyone who focuses on making money is immediately dubbed a capitalist and conversely, anyone who speaks of communal sharing is dubbed a socialist. Subtleties are lost and conversation ends right there. No dialogue is possible. We move from love of money to love of ideology, where anyone who thinks differently than I do about money is immediately evil. Spiritual Moments of Mundane Existence To judge from one side or the other is to forget that we inherently have one foot in heaven and one foot in the mud of the earth below. The challenge is to live in both simultaneously. Living as a human being means learning to deal with money – whether one has a lot or a little matters not. It will do us no good to merely pursue a spiritual life unless we are living equally and simultaneously in the material world. Christians are exhorted to remember that even Bishops, or spiritual leaders, are told to balance both. â€Å"For if someone does not know how to manage his own household, how can he take care of God’s church? † (1 Timothy 3:5) A life of wholeness, or one in which the spiritual and the material are in balance, guarantees freedom from distortion. Yet the need for wholeness is also at the heart of the contradiction. The spiritual and the material are of entirely different natures. Not only must they live in the same world, both the spiritual and the human sides of our existence must also have 2 their own identity and remain in full relationship with each other. We have to work at accepting this incompatibility for what it is. These are separate parts of who we are and of our daily existence. These separate parts are in a dynamic relationship one to the other, like notes in a beautiful song: you might have harmony, but you still have separate notes. If they are all the same note, there is not harmony, there is unison. Harmony has tension. It is beautiful because of the tension. Unison is nice, but harmony is richer. Morality And Business Just as it will not help us on an individual level to focus only on the one side of our nature at the expense of the other, likewise it will not help to divide our culture into the spirit-lead and others. It reminds me of a story I recently heard: Two men met for the first time, in of all places, a church on a Sunday morning. The one asked the other: â€Å"So what do you do? † To which the second responded: â€Å"I work as a director of XYZ division of a business. † â€Å"You’re in business? † quipped the first, who was a teacher, â€Å"Oh that’s too bad. † The work of the businessman was seen as inherently less worthy. How far could the conversation go after that? It is a difficult chasm. One finds a classic case of a religious-affiliated venture that refused to acknowledge that it must run itself like a business. After decades of mismanagement, the publishing house cried out to its constituency to get it out of a multi-million debt. One former board member was even quoted in a church publication as saying that this was seen as â€Å"a church venture, not a business venture. † The mistake lay in this eitheror posture. There was no acknowledgment that gifts and talents and skills of different sorts were needed. The disdain goes the other way too. One has only to think of the now infamous corporations like Enron or Livenet, where the situation is merely the reverse: a business enterprise that lacks spiritual sense, and results in moral bankruptcy. If our moral principles give us the framework within which we operate and the ability to continue operating depends upon financial viability, then integrity is automatically lost for any organization when either half of the morality and money equation is lost. Balancing the Equation Only when we pay attention and only when we come to recognize the true place and role we have allowed money in our lives, only then can we possibly hope to reach a deeper understanding of how important a balance between the material and the spiritual is. This deeper understanding may only come in flashes, only fleetingly. Yet the truth that is understood in an instant opens us up to the truth of our everyday actions and existence. In other words, we must become conscious, we must become aware of our human condition – this life lived in a dynamic balance between the spiritual and the material – and be attentive to both. But instead of giving the right amount of attention to those mundane and material aspects of life like taxes and monetary demands put upon us, we often get caught in a bias against money. We would rather point fingers and condemn in broad strokes than engage in dialogue of particular money matters. We would rather alienate than seek to understand. Instead of casting judgment or pretending we, personally, are above being affected by money, we need to face our human situation and recognize we live in two worlds simultaneously. Maybe then we would do a better job of living in both. â€Å"If great truth does not enter into our relation to money, it cannot 6 enter our lives. † And if we do not allow ourselves to face that truth, the negative aspects of our relationship to money will sneak up on us unawares. Bad debts, overdue bills, or an empty fridge will suddenly demand so much of our human attention that we will have no energy left to focus on matters of the spirit. Undeniably, it can be a challenge to live out our moral principles in the marketplace; it is inherent in the challenge of being spiritual and human at the same time. Not giving enough attention to either the spiritual or the material, on an individual or an organizational level, leads to bankruptcy, whether moral or financial. In his book, Business and the Buddha, Dr. Lloyd Field states, â€Å"greed is a choice. † We can choose to allow our insatiable desires to form our intentions or we can choose to recognize where our intentions are ultimately leading us. It is not money or wealth or even the capitalist system that is the problem, he argues. Buddhists regard wealth as neither bad nor negative. Rather, the problem sits plainly with us, human beings, and the intentions which we allow to motivate our thoughts, our emotions and our actions. It cannot be stated any clearer than said in this book: we are exhorted to â€Å"continually make the connection between money and human values. † And then the question that really gets to the heart of the matter: â€Å"What price do we put on our ethics? † We will need to move past our biases and disdain for those whom we consider to be on the other side of the money and morality equation and allow moments of eternal truth and even grace to infiltrate our discussions and our questions. When all gifts and skills are welcome and when integrity is our priority, then there will be the possibility of a true and dynamic relationship between money matters and morality. 6. Needleman, 265.

William Faulkner Essay -- essays research papers

William Faulkner   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William Faulkner is one of America's most talked about writers and his work should be included in any literary canon for several reasons. After reading a few of his short stories, it becomes clear that Faulkner's works have uniqueness to them. One of the qualities that make William Faulkner's writings different is his close connection with the South. Gwendolyn Charbnier states, 'Besides the sociological factors that influence Faulkner's work, biographical factors are of great importance…'; (20). Faulkner's magnificent imagination led him to create a fictional Mississippi county named Yoknapatawpha, which includes every detail from square mileage of the county to the break down of the county population by race. Faulkner's work also includes stories from the past and present. David Minter says, 'His works take us into regions and spaces we can never directly know, and also back in the time to worlds lost before we were born'; (Preface X). Of course, Faulkner's personal life has added a certain amount of excitement to his audiences. Faulkner's stories are known to reflect experiences from his own familiar life. William Faulkner should be mentioned along with any collection of classic authors because of his remarkable use of the past and present, as well as for his meticulous detail and comprehensive knowledge of the South in his writings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William Faulkner's background is a very important detail that will help his readers understand the psychological implications of what he wrote and to appreciate his work. William Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi, on September 25, 1897. His parents were Murry and Maud Faulkner. He married Estelle Franklin in 1929. They had two children together, both daughters. The first daughter was named Alabama, and she died nine days after her birth. Jill, the second daughter, outlived her father. William Faulkner died July 6, 1962 at the age of 64. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letter in 1948 and won the Nobel Prize for Literature two years later in 1950. Although William Faulkner's life had the same chronological events as the average person, his life was far more complex an interesting than that of the average person. Faulkner tried to keep his personal life a secret, but he was woefully unsuccessful. Among many of Fa... ... collection of great authors. The five differentiating characteristics of literature are creative or visionary, specific forms, culturally and historically based, meant to provide enjoyment, and open to interpretation and intellectual challenge. William Faulkner's writing is a perfect example of what literature is meant to be like because it holds each on of the characteristics to be true. William Faulkner is known for his ability to write about the old South. Leslie A. Fiedler states that 'Faulkner [is] primarily a historian of Southern culture, or a canny technician whose evocations of terror are secondary to Jamesian experiments with 'point of view''; (384). William Faulkner's writings are unique compared to other writers because of the way that Faulkner presents the South in comparison from past to present and his ability to make the reader wonder about the point of view. Faulkner's writings are enjoyable and open the reader up to a world of interpretation and intellectual ch allenge. All of the qualities make William Faulkner's stories literature. However, it is how these qualities are shown to the reader that make William Faulkner fit to be included within any literary canon. William Faulkner Essay -- essays research papers William Faulkner   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William Faulkner is one of America's most talked about writers and his work should be included in any literary canon for several reasons. After reading a few of his short stories, it becomes clear that Faulkner's works have uniqueness to them. One of the qualities that make William Faulkner's writings different is his close connection with the South. Gwendolyn Charbnier states, 'Besides the sociological factors that influence Faulkner's work, biographical factors are of great importance…'; (20). Faulkner's magnificent imagination led him to create a fictional Mississippi county named Yoknapatawpha, which includes every detail from square mileage of the county to the break down of the county population by race. Faulkner's work also includes stories from the past and present. David Minter says, 'His works take us into regions and spaces we can never directly know, and also back in the time to worlds lost before we were born'; (Preface X). Of course, Faulkner's personal life has added a certain amount of excitement to his audiences. Faulkner's stories are known to reflect experiences from his own familiar life. William Faulkner should be mentioned along with any collection of classic authors because of his remarkable use of the past and present, as well as for his meticulous detail and comprehensive knowledge of the South in his writings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  William Faulkner's background is a very important detail that will help his readers understand the psychological implications of what he wrote and to appreciate his work. William Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi, on September 25, 1897. His parents were Murry and Maud Faulkner. He married Estelle Franklin in 1929. They had two children together, both daughters. The first daughter was named Alabama, and she died nine days after her birth. Jill, the second daughter, outlived her father. William Faulkner died July 6, 1962 at the age of 64. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letter in 1948 and won the Nobel Prize for Literature two years later in 1950. Although William Faulkner's life had the same chronological events as the average person, his life was far more complex an interesting than that of the average person. Faulkner tried to keep his personal life a secret, but he was woefully unsuccessful. Among many of Fa... ... collection of great authors. The five differentiating characteristics of literature are creative or visionary, specific forms, culturally and historically based, meant to provide enjoyment, and open to interpretation and intellectual challenge. William Faulkner's writing is a perfect example of what literature is meant to be like because it holds each on of the characteristics to be true. William Faulkner is known for his ability to write about the old South. Leslie A. Fiedler states that 'Faulkner [is] primarily a historian of Southern culture, or a canny technician whose evocations of terror are secondary to Jamesian experiments with 'point of view''; (384). William Faulkner's writings are unique compared to other writers because of the way that Faulkner presents the South in comparison from past to present and his ability to make the reader wonder about the point of view. Faulkner's writings are enjoyable and open the reader up to a world of interpretation and intellectual ch allenge. All of the qualities make William Faulkner's stories literature. However, it is how these qualities are shown to the reader that make William Faulkner fit to be included within any literary canon.

Distinctive Voices †A.B. Paterson Poetry Essay

A number of distinctive voices are used in ‘Clancy of the Overflow’ by A.B. Paterson to paint an evocative picture of Australian society and to juxtapose images of the Australian bush against images of life in the city. The purpose of this poem is to highlight the unique characters of the Australian bush and to allow the reader to romanticise with the Australian bush. The pervading tone of the poem expressed by the clerk narrator is envy of the pleasures he imagines Clancy to experience living and working in the bush and derision of aspects of the city. The distinctive voices in the poem include the clerk narrator, the laconic character of Clancy, the ‘shearing mate’, the bush and finally the city. Paragraph 2 – Explain the distinctive voices of Clancy and the shearer and what they convey about the Australian bush (focus on craftsmanship/techniques and effect). Paragraph 3 – Explain the distinctive voice of the clerk narrator and what he conveys about the Australian bush and life in the city (focus on craftsmanship/techniques and effect). Paragraph 4 – Explain the distinctive voice of the bush and how it is used in a positive way to reinforce Paterson’s view (focus on craftsmanship/techniques and effect). Paragraph 5 – Explain the distinctive voice of the city and how it is used in a negative way to reinforce Paterson’s view (focus on craftsmanship/techniques and effect). Summary (Conclusion) – a final statement about the use and effect of distinctive voices in this poem.

The Fedex Stock s Price - 1126 Words

FedEx has produced superior financial returns to its shareholder in last couple of year. It has a worldwide business with a broad portfolio of transportation, e-commerce and business services. It consistently ranked among world’s most trusted and admired employers. The revenue has been consistently increasing and expected to reach at 45 billion in next year. EPS is also about 5.5 and the expected P/E ratio is 14.3 which show its growth potential. With the stock’s beta of 1.27 and latest dividend payout ratio of 9%, it can be expected that it will give a superior result in near future and thus it is one of the best alternatives for investment. The FedEx stock’s price range in last year was 101.95 – 155.31. Currently its stock’s price is†¦show more content†¦From 2005, FedEx has decided to eliminate the classified structure of Board and allowed for the annual election of all directors. Investors’ interest has been protected and tried to maintain the full integrity in business operation. It is tried to ensure the disclosure of all the material information and a complete transparency so all investors have access of clear factual information. The next year’s growth rate is expected to be 21.10% which is higher than the Industry and market growth. This higher growth rate is based on it’s a strong financial base, huge market capitalization, higher growth potential, consistent earnings record, diversified portfolio and a reputation it earned in past several years. The estimated beta of firm is about 1.27. This figure is retrieved from a reliable website-www.finance.yahoo.com. To calculate the firm’s required rate of return, CAPM model is applied as follows: One year US Treasury rate of return = 0.10% One year Market return on SP 500 = 24.40% The beta of FedEx stock = 1.27 Hence, the firm’s required rate of return = 0.10 + 1.27*(24.40 – 0.10) = 30.96% For year ended 31st Mar’14, Cash flow from operating activities is $4,264 million and Cash flow from investing activities is $3,551 million. Hence, Free cash flow (FCF) to the firm will be Cash flow from Operating activities less Cash flow from Investing activities, i.e. $4,264 - The Fedex Stock s Price - 1126 Words FedEx has produced superior financial returns to its shareholder in last couple of year. It has a worldwide business with a broad portfolio of transportation, e-commerce and business services. It consistently ranked among world’s most trusted and admired employers. The revenue has been consistently increasing and expected to reach at 45 billion in next year. EPS is also about 5.5 and the expected P/E ratio is 14.3 which show its growth potential. With the stock’s beta of 1.27 and latest dividend payout ratio of 9%, it can be expected that it will give a superior result in near future and thus it is one of the best alternatives for investment. The FedEx stock’s price range in last year was 101.95 – 155.31. Currently its stock’s price is $152.68. The latest dividend was declared on Jun’17, 2014 and it was $0.20 per share. Its annual dividend yield is 0.40%. On Jun’9, 2014, The Board of Director of FedEx declared the quarterly cash dividend of $0.20 per share which was $0.5 higher than the previous quarter’s dividend. Dividend was payable on Jul’13, 2014. Corporate Governance is a set of rule and processes by which a company is directed and controlled. FedEx is committed to highest quality of corporate governance. It has independent board of directors having spirit of corporate governance reform. Compliance standards are met in accordance of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the New York Stock Exchange’s corporate governance listing standards. Code of Business conduct andShow MoreRelatedThe Fedex Stock s Price1126 Words   |  5 PagesFedEx has produced superior financial returns to its shareholder in last couple of year. It has a worldwide business with a broad portfolio of transportation, e-commerce and business services. It consistently ranked among world’s most trusted and admired employers. The revenue has been consistently increasing and expected to reach at 45 billion in next year. EPS is also about 5.5 and the expected P/E ratio is 14.3 which show its growth potential. With the stock’s beta of 1.27 and lates t dividendRead MoreThe Fedex Stock s Price1126 Words   |  5 PagesFedEx has produced superior financial returns to its shareholder in last couple of year. It has a worldwide business with a broad portfolio of transportation, e-commerce and business services. It consistently ranked among world’s most trusted and admired employers. The revenue has been consistently increasing and expected to reach at 45 billion in next year. EPS is also about 5.5 and the expected P/E ratio is 14.3 which show its growth potential. With the stock’s beta of 1.27 and latest dividendRead MoreQuestions On Fedex Financial Performance1048 Words   |  5 Pagesovercome by any of them. In FedEx case, their financials have been their weakest spot. FedEx poor financial performance has been a big problem for the company, proof of this is the downgrade FedEx bonds have had in past years. In UPS, I would say one of their inhibiting factors is their lack of innovation. UPS has not been able to innov ate and work with the technological improvements. Part of this is due of being first in the market, UPS was founded in 1907, FedEx in 1971, FedEx has gained a reputationRead MoreEssay about Fedex Corp. vs. United Parcel Service, Inc.1266 Words   |  6 PagesFedex Corp. vs. United Parcel Service, Inc. FedEx will produce superior financial returns for shareowners by providing high value-added supply chain, transportation, business, and related information services through focused operating companies competing collectively, and managed collaboratively, under the respected FedEx brand. —FedEx mission statement (excerpt) We serve the evolving distribution, logistics, and commerce needs of our customers worldwide, offering excellence and value inRead MoreBusiness Analysis : United Parcel Service1354 Words   |  6 Pages The company that I chose was United Parcel Service. UPS s main business is the time-definite delivery of packages and documents worldwide. Today, UPS is a global company with one of the most recognized brands in the world. They have become the world s largest package delivery company and a leading global provider of specialized transportation and logistics services. (Ups.com.,2014). Along with UPS this study examines the financial management policies of another competitor in the Air Delivery Read MoreFedex And Ups . Fedex Also Known As Federal Express Is712 Words   |  3 PagesFedex and UPS Fedex also known as Federal Express is an organization that offers transportation, web based business and business administrations with the assistance of a few organizations that are working together under one brand. The organization has four business portions, for example, FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Freight, and FedEx Services (FedEx Corporation, 2012). Mean while United Postal Services (UPS) is the world s greatest package movement association and pioneer in giving overallRead MoreA Global Brand Of The Fedex Corporation ( Fedex )1469 Words   |  6 Pageshave all successfully gone global. FedEx Corporation (FedEx), incorporated on October 2, 1997, provides a portfolio of transportation, e-commerce and business services under the FedEx brand. The company offers its services through companies constituting four business segments: FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Freight and FedEx Services. FedEx Express offers a range of domestic and international shipping services for delivery of packages and freight. FedEx Ground provides business and residentialRead MoreUps Key Success Factors900 Words   |  4 Pagesfaster than the world market growth. How is FedEx performing? How, if at all, do its performance and plans affect your assessment of the sustainability of UPSs current performance? Federal Express is performing moderately well. The sale have grown by 7.65% compared to the industry 5.49%, However the net profit margin is 5.67% compared to the industry figure of 7.70%. The return on Assets is 8.52% whereas the industry figure is 11.10%. Two of FedEx strategies that have worked are its tie up withRead MoreUps Key Success Factors912 Words   |  4 Pagesfaster than the world market growth. How is FedEx performing? How, if at all, do its performance and plans affect your assessment of the sustainability of UPSs current performance? Federal Express is performing moderately well. The sale have grown by 7.65% compared to the industry 5.49%, However the net profit margin is 5.67% compared to the industry figure of 7.70%. The return on Assets is 8.52% whereas the industry figure is 11.10%. Two of FedEx strategies that have worked are its tie up withRead MoreLiquidity Ratios Are Defined As A Class Of Financial Metrics900 Words   |  4 Pagesare defined as a class of financial metrics that is used to determine a company s ability to pay off its short-terms debts obligations. Generally, the higher the value of the ratio, the larger the margin of safety that the company possesses to cover short-term debt (Liquidity Ratios, 2006). In simple terms this states for every dollar of current debt FedEx has, they have $1.96 to pay it off. Pertaining to FedEx, each of the ratios have significantly increased from the previous year. This may